مجله مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی
پیاپی 10 (بهار 1389)

Special geographical characteristics of central origins of Guilan province have always had the potential to cause the crowded centers located at area to access the capital city of the province and to other cities easily and uniquely. However, the lack of good roads to daily connections to the central city did not make this possibility in the past urban system, but in recent two decades, development of asphalted roads has made this possibility so that the traditionally hierarchal system of the old times changed into the Daily Urban System(DUS).Following this revolution, daily trips cause the population of the city of Rasht to increase more than its fixed population, and this matter caused the argument of naming Rasht as a megalopolis. Despite the population of the city of Rasht which according to the existing definitions in Iran cannot be announced a megalopolis, in this research it is tried to respond other unique conditions in a different way. Based on this, Rasht and areas in 30- minute distance around containing about 2200 square kilometers with the population of over 1.2 million people (50% of the population of the province) and almost 30% of the cities of the Guilan province which consist 65% of the urban population and nowadays a large amount of the daily trips is doing in these cities, it is suggested to get named as a “Megalopolis Region”.

Tea planting is one the economic jobs in agricultural section which has created jobs for many inhabitants in the northern regions of the country. It has a very important role in meeting the economic needs of the families in the region. Despite this important fact, there were some problems in tea planting and industry. To change the situation for the better, and settle the problems in tea planting and industry, the reform program of tea structure was implemented in 1379. One decade has nearly passed since the implementation of the program. Therefore, assessing the achievement of the program and the degree of users’ satisfaction seem necessary with the participation of local people and stakeholders. To do so, the present research is conducted in the village of Diushel in Langeroud. The subjects are 235 tea planters of the village that are selected according to Cochran Formula. The research is descriptive-analytic done in library study and field survey. To collect information and analyze the data, questionnaire and SPSS software are used. The findings indicate that the program has failed, and the predicted objectives are not materialized. Consequently, the reform Program of tea structure has resulted in dissatisfaction of tea planters with the condition of tea planting and industry. Regarding the fact that there are many groups and villagers of northern country and the region in question in this section of economy, and the stability of this industry, reviewing this program is inevitable.

The possibility of using map of land units as map of working units in providing maps of different water erosion types was investigated in the downstream of Latian dam. The real maps of land units in each surface, rill, gully erosions and erosion features were provided and the digitized layers of each along with crossed land units were given, the rate of accuracy, error, and precision of this layer as a model in estimating each of erosion types were computed. Results showed that the accuracy of land units in providing surface, rill, gully maps of erosions, and erosion features is 66.1, 66.6, 82.0 and 53.0 percent respectively. This map has a low accuracy in providing map of erosion features; therefore, it cannot be used in preparing map of erosion types as the map of working units.

In the end of the eastern side of Azerbaijan volcanic plateau, in the altitudes of Sabalan and Baghrodagh, there is a relatively closed structural depression and pit called Ardabil plain that all surrounding altitudes are directed toward it.Different structure with various resistance rates, enjoying cold semidried climate, the lack of vegetation coverage, and the dominant negative trends on a extensive part of mountain plain of the areas have caused these areas especially the naturally formed watersheds in them to have a relatively high Erosibility power.The main purpose of present study is the evaluation of erosion and erosion desedimentation in Pileh Rood watershed as one of sub _basins of folding altitudes of Namin located in northern side of Ardabil.In this study, in addition to aerial photography at the scale of 1: 55,000, topographic maps scale of 1: 50,000 and geology map 1:100000 filed erosion and sedimentation are measured by logic fuzzy method. Finally, this technique was compared with empirical method of P.S.I.A.C and the given erosion limits was evaluated and compared through observations and field work.Using fuzzy modeling with minimum input data by the two -variable model and comparing it with P.S.I.A.C model it was concluded that the fuzzy logic - soil erosion prediction models are efficient at locating and differentiating areas of soil erosion with minimum input data.

The present search is to assess changes in three sections of agriculture, industry and services and to determine the future condition of these three parts in country. The approach and methodology will be documentary in this research. Data including employment condition in agriculture, industry and services separately in different provinces are the indices for economic, industrial, agricultural, and service developments. The analysis and process of information and the measurement of research hypotheses are done through SPSS software.Results indicate that services are replacing agriculture and industrial sections in villages. Immigration has also an important role in this change. Regression analysis shows that this process continues in coming years.

This study is implemented to survey and compare weather conditions in selected stations (Kermanshah, Kangavar, Islamabad Gharb, Sarpolezahab, and Ravansar) in a statistical period of at least 18 years, with bioclimatic needs of olive tree cultivation feasibility. For this purpose, regarding phonological conditions of olive and its match with needed climate effective indices in cultivation of the crop has been investigated. Using FAO - Penman - Mantys irrigation and water requirement are calculated. Finally, the temperature need and cooling degree of the crop product were estimated. Results of this study indicate that among the elements of climate, temperature is a limiting factor. The estimated irrigation and water requirements also indicated that the selected stations face dire shortage to rainfall and irrigation for producing quality product, but they are not limiting factors. Comparing climatic elements of Kermanshah with specific needs of olive climate it was indicated that the lowest temperature degree in the coldest month and the highest temperature, in the hottest month, and sunny hours have full compatibility with physiological conditions of olive.

Heavy rains are one of the features of arid and semi-arid climates which result in flood. This kind of rainfall originates from environmental and synoptic conditions. Mediterranean cyclones are the major factors in heavy rainfall in Iran, but these cyclones do not happen in some parts of Iran such as Southern and Southeastern areas. In this study, it has been tried to pinpoint the synoptic reasons of heavy rainfall in Southern regions of Bushehr province through the analysis of the relationship between this rainfall in Bushehr province and atmospheric system over Iran and the areas around it. The findings of this study show that the major cause of heavy and torrential rains is the arrival of Sudanese low pressure system in this region from the South and Southwest. Albeit, if the ascent local conditions such as heat occur, the heaviest rains happen in Southern regions of Bushehr province. In fact, this kind of rainfall in this area has a Sudanese origin and if it is accompanied by Mediterranean system, heavier rain falls.